Stabilized nonslippable fabric and method of its manufacture



H. C. BORGHETTY Aug. 4, 1936.

STABILIZED NONSLIPPABLE FABRIC AND METHCD OF ITS MANUFACTURE Filed July 23, 1934 Patented Aug. 4, 1936 UNITED STATES STABILIZED -NONSLIPPABLE FABBIC- METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURE new 0. Borghetty, Jewett City, Conn, assignor to The Aspinook Company, Jewett City, 001111., a corporation of Connecticut Application July 23, 1934, Serial No. 736,478

6 Claims. (01. 91--rc My invention relates to improvements in fabrics, particularly those constructed wholly or in part of artificial silk, although 'it is also adapted for use with fabrics constructed of cotton, silk, and other fibres or mixtures that have slippable characteristics.

I employ the words artificial silk to include all types of synthetic cellulose threads whether they be constructed of cellulose acetate, cellulose 10 nitrate, viscose, or otherwise and whether the fabric be constructed wholly or input of said threads. As these threads are made. synthetically they are extruded through a nozzle or spinnerette and the outer surfaces thereof are rendered very smooth, so smooth in fact that when said threads are knitted or Woven into a fabric that they will tend to slip and fray relative to each other, especially the threads subjected to strain adjacent to the sewing at seams. A main object ofmy invention is to render structed who'lly or partially of artificial silk non-slippable by, where woven fabrics are employed, binding the warp and filling or other interwoven threads thereof at the contacting areas of interweave thereof by a transparent plasticized covering of such a type that it will not interfere with the appearance of the fabrics, but will prevent the relative slipping of the woven warp and filling threads or other threads, where other fabrics are employed, such as lace, knit goods, etc., at the contacting portions or areas of r the threads thereof.

A further object of my invention is to provide 35 ra'brics of the types mentioned above, preferably ones constructed wholly or in part of artificial silk which will be non-shrinkable, .by employing the transparent bond heretofore referred to at the contacting areas of interweave of the 40 warp and filling threads thereof or the contact Further features of my invention relate to the tion of materials I use in the plasticized bonded covering for said areas.

55 These and such other objects. of my invention fabrics mentioned above, preferably those conas may hereinafter appear will be best understood from .a description of an embodiment thereof employed on a woven fabric such as is shown in the accompanying drawing;

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is an enlarged diagram- 5' rnatic plan view of a woven fabric constructed wholly of artificial silk showing how the smooth proved fabric shown in Fig. 2 showing how the binding material bonds the threads together at the contacting areas of interweave. Fig. 4. is a perspective view of a portion of an artificial silk fabric constructed in accordance with my invention.

in the drawing, iii generally indicates a fab ric constructed wholly or partially of artificial silk and as shown in enlarged form in Figs. 2-4,

glassy and when woven into the fabric in the usual manner tend to slip relative to each other as shown in Fig. 1. As stated hitherto, a main object of my invention is to render said threads i2 and H! of said fabric non-slippable, relative to each other, and for this purpose Ipreferably bond together said warp and filling threads M at their contacting areas of" interweave I8 by the transparent coverings 20. 'In order to render a fabric constructed in this manner nonshrinkable the plasticizable transparent covering 20 is preferably bonded around the areas of interweave of said threads preferably while said fabric'is in a stretched condition.

. The tendency of textile fabrics to slip is noticeable especially in fabrics of low filling and warp counts, for example, rayon taffeta 72 x48, where the, slipping eflect causes fraying. Fabric on the market at present which have this tendency, 55

are considered defective particularly in the lining trade.

I therefore impregnate the fabric as shown in Fig. 1 with a plastic transparent covering or immerse it therein, then preferably stretch the fabric to the desired width if a stabilized nonshrinkable fabric be desired and subject said stretched fabric to such a heat for a sumcient period of time to form a plasticized, insoluble, transparent covering around each contacting area of interweave of said warp and filling threads.

While any suitable type of a plastic transparen covering may be employed, I have obtained best results by using a water soluble resin, colorless and odorless, applied to the fabric and then rendered insoluble or cured on the fabric so that the stabilized non-slip and non-shrinkable effect will be lasting and not wash out after laundering. For this purpose I preferably employ a solution, preferably a water solution of a soluble intermediate condensation product of a suitable synthetic resin, preferably one of the urea formaldehyde or phenol formaldehyde type, or others having similar properties, a plasticizer and a catalyst. While any'suitable type of a urea formaldehyde resin may be employed; such as described in Patents Nos. 1,355,834, 1,460,606, 1,507,624, 1,671,596, 1,672,848, 1,926,786, 1,734,516, 1,926,063, etc., I preferably employ a soluble resin of the type KI 406 sold by the Resinous Products Company, which may be cured after application by heating at a temperature of at least 230 F. To accelerate the curing time, however, in order to make the process conform to the practical production requirements of the textile industry, I preferably employ a suitable catalyst either of the alkaline or acid type, such as sodium hy-,

droxide, ammonium sulphite or other metallic salts, or acids, mineral or organic, acid salts thereof, hydrochlorides of organic basis, organic acids,

such as oxalic acids or salts thereof, such as potassium tetroxylate as more fully described in Patents Nos, 1,734,516 and 1,926,063. I preferably employ catalyst L-89G of the Resinous Products Company as it lowers the curing time of thirty minutes to two to four minutes in working with soluble resin 406. I preferably also employ a suitable plasticizer so as not to render the feel of the fabric too brittle but to retain pliability. Any of the well known plasticizers, such as castor'oil, glycerine, or usual dope synthetic plasticizers may be employed. After the synthetic resin has become bonded around the areas of contact and/or interweave of the warp and filling threads by curing at the above temperature for the above period of time the fabric is permanently set or stabilized in regard to antislipping qualities, but it may still be subjected to the ordinary routine of textile finishing operations to obtain the correct hand of the goods desired by the finished goods market. For suitable types of finish, it is found desirable to add plasticizers in order to obtain a softer feel. Another feature about the process. if carried out correctly is that aside from the newly acquired properties of anti-slipping the fabric conserves its original appearance even under the microscope and although the resin is deposited in and around the fibres, there is no clogging of the spaces between the threads.

To date the most suitable method of application is the following:

The cloth is padded through a solution of.

ing water (at room temperature) to resin 400. Five parts of water to one part of resin gives a good solution. Precaution must be taken to add water to the resin slowly, to avoid separation of an insoluble resin. 1 6

Do not add resin 406 to water because this condition causes partial precipitation ofresin. Catalyst I.-89-G is then dissolved in water and added to the solution of resin. 1% of catalyst to the weight of the original resin has been found sufficient. Once the catalyst is added it will be found necessary to utilize the bath as soon as possible, otherwise separation will occur owing to the fact that the addition of the catalyst has diminished the stability of the solution of resin in 15 water. To this mixture is added one-half to three per cent. by weight to the weight of the goods of suitable plasticizer such as castor oil, glycerine, etc.

Once the cloth has been immersed in the bath it 20 passes toea tenter frame where the temperature must be at least 230 F., otherwise curing cannot take place. Just before curing sets in it will be absolutely necessary to have the cloth framed to the desired width because after curing it is no 25 longer possible to stretch the goods, without tearing the selvedges.

This problem, however, is solved in the regular textile finishing frame on account of the fact that the cloth already is stretched to the correct width 30 during the first one-half minute in the hot charm ber. Curing instead does notset in until during the first and third minute at 230 F. The cloth after coming out of the tenter frame is rinsed in warm water, dried, and processed in a warm hydraulic calender. This operation of calendering can be carried out twice, that is. once for each side of the cloth and a very fine smooth lustrous finish results.

Another method: The cloth is padded through a solution of one part of resin to two parts of water, plus thecorrect amount of catalyst, (1%. a of resin employed) and plasticizer if desired, then dried on dry cans at Just sufficient speed to ob tain a slightly damp hand, and at a temperature below 200 F., so that the resin does not yet begin to cure, then it is run through the tenter frame at the desired width and at 230 F. in order to effect curing.

This preliminary drying on dry-cans speeds up the operation.

The cloth is then rinsed in warm water to remove the catalyst and soluble parts of resin, then finishing and drying takes place on the tenter frame.

Another method: The cloth is padded in a solution as in the first method, then dried on a frame at a temperature of 180-200 F., then cured by drying over dry cans at a temperature of 230 F. for a period of three minutes. Then. rinsed and finished on tenter, calendered through warm hydraulic calender.

I have also obtained good results by employing Beetle resin manufactured by the Syn thetic Plastics 00., Rockefeller Plaza, New York as city. This resin is a urea formaldehyde resin and it may be used in any of the methods described above by making a 10% water solution thereof and by ading 1% of tartaric acid as a catalyst. This resin, however, requires a curing temperature of 250 F. If desired, Catalin #500 manufactured by Catalin Corporation of America, of Ford, New Jersey, may be employed. This may be used with any of the methods describediab'ove by making a solution consisting of 10% of Cata- 75 ha #500, 10% of ammonia and 80% water. Prior ..to use, however, it is necessary to heat the above mixture for fifteen or twenty minutes. This is a phenol formaldehyde. resin and the ammonia. is employed therewith as a catalyst. Good results may also be obtained by employing synthetic resin #13-manufactured by the=Advance Solvents 8: Chemical Company. of 245 Fifth Avenue, New York city. This resin may be employed with any of themethods described above by employing 10% thereof mixedwith 10% of ammonia and 80% of water, the ammonia also acting as a catalyst. This resin will cure in about five minutes at a temperature of 240- I".

While I have described my invention as applied to a woven fabric having warp and filling threads, it is obvious that my invention may beapplied to lace fabric, knitted or braided fabrics. .etc., over the areas of contact of the desired threads "thereof. I therefore in the claims employ the word interwove n" to include interweaving warp and filling threads, lace making, braiding, knitting, etc., or any operation where the threads of which the fabric is composed overlap and/or contact each other. y While I preferably apply the transparent coving roundthe contacting areas of interweave of the threads while the fabric is in a stretched condition to render it stabilized and hence nonshrinkable, and/ or non-stretchable, it is ob.-' vious that'if this property is not desired and merely a slip-proof fabric.is desired, my improved method may be applied to the goods without stretching;

It is apparent, therefore, that I have provided a novel type of artificial silk or like fabric preserving the exact appearance of artificial silk or like fabric in which the individual threads thereof are non-slippable and the fabric itself is stabilized and non-shrinkable with the advantages portrayed above.

It is understood that my invention is not limited to the specific embodiments shown and that various deviations may be made therefrom'without departing from the spirit and scope of them:- pended claims.

What I claim is:

i. A partially or wholly non-siippable stretched fabric composed partially or wholly of relatively slippabie. spaced interwoven threads, bonded toping, comprising relatively slippable space d interwoven threads, which comprises impregnating the contacting areas of interweave of said spaced interwoven threads of the fabric with a solution of a synthetic resin, stretching the fabric to the desired width before curingsets in and subjecting said stretched fabric to such a heat for a-suflicient period of time as to form a piss-- ticized insoluble transparentcovering of synthetic resin around each contacting area of interweave of said interwoven threads, whereby the fabric is stabilized against shrinkage or slipping without substantially changing the appearance of the fabric.

4. The method of producing a fabric partially. or wholly stabilizedagainst shrinkage or slipping comprising'relatively slippable spaced interwoven threads, which comprises, impregnating the contacting areas of interweave of said spaced interwoven threads of the fabric with a dilute solution of a synthetic resin and subjecting said fabric to such a heat for a suiilcient period of time as to form a'plasticized insoluble transparent contacting area of interweave. of said interwoven threads, whereby the fabric is stabilized against shrinkage or slipping without substantially changing the appearance of the fabric.

5. The method of producing a fabric partially or wholly stabilized againstshrinkage or slip- D comprising, relatively slippable' spaced interwoven threads, which comprises impregnating the contacting areas of interweave of said spacedinterwoven threads of the fabric with a solution of a soluble, intermediate condensation product of a'synthetic resin, a plasticizer and a catalyst, stretching the fabric to the desired width before curing sets in and subjecting said stretched fabric to such a heat for a suiiicient period of time as to form a plasticized insoluble transparent covering of synthetic resin around each contacting area of interweave of said interwoven threads, whereby the fabric is stabilized against shrinkage or slipping without substantially changing the appearance of the fabric.

6. The method of producing a fabric partially covering of a synthetic resin solely around each or wholly stabilized against shrinkage or slipping comprising relatively slippable spaced interwoven threads, which comprises, impregnating the contacting areas of interweave of said spaced interwoven threads ofthe fabric with a dilute solution of a soluble intermediate condensation product of a synthetic resin,- a plasticizer and a catalyst and subjecting said fabric to such a heat for a sufllcient period of time as to form a plasticized insoluble transparent covering of synthetic resin solely around each contracting area of interweave of said interwoven threads, whereby the fabric is stabilized against shrinkage or slipping without substantially changing the appearance-of the fabric.

moron c. BORGHETTY. 

